Janakinath Bhavan, the ancestral house of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was the ninth child of Janaki Nath Bose and Prabhabati Bose among his fourteen children. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose started his early education in Cuttack. He was sent to the Protestant European School now known as the Stewart School in 1902 for his primary education. Later, he studied in Ravenshaw Collegiate School and read upto Matriculation. He passed his Matriculation in 1913 and left for Calcutta for higher studies in Presidency College. Subhas Chandra Bose spent his early childhood at Cuttack and lived in Janakinath Bhavan from 1897 to 1913.
In 1954, the Government under the Chief ministership of Dr. Harekrushna Mahatab acquired the Chief ministership of Dr. Harekrushna Mahatab acquired the property from the Bose family. Later-on a Trust was founded under the title "Netaji Seva Sadan Trust". At a later stage it was decided to form a Netaji Birthplace Museum Trust in May, 003, by the Odisha Government and Indian National Trust for Art & Cultural Heritage (INTACH), New Delhi, was requested to prepare a Master-plan for establishment of Birth-place Museum at Janakinath Bhavan. INTACH started the restoration work in May, 2003, which is now in progress.